Gamma Ray-Induced Field Tolerance to Phytophthora Blight in Sesame

Due to the non-availability of sources of resistance in Sri Lanka to Phytopbthora blight in sesame (Sesamum indicum) caused by Phytopbthora nicotianae var. parasitica, a mutation breeding programme was initiated. Seeds of three genotypes were subjected to six doses of gamma rays from 100 Gy to 750 Gy from a ⁶⁰Co source. Seeds of M₂ bulks, sampled by variety and treatment from the first five capsules formed on M₁ plants, were grown in a field with a history of repeated incidence of the disease. The best 21 lines, having the highest survival and seed production, identified in the screening of M₃ and M₄ progeny rows of selected M₂ single plants were then tested in a replicated field trial with the recommended cultivar ‘MI 3’ as a control. The plant survival in selected lines averaged 43.3 percent as against 7.2 percent in the recommended variety. Eight selections recorded significantly higher seed yield than ‘MI 3’ at P < 0.01 and another three at P < 0.05. Gamma ray treatments of 450 Gy and 600 Gy produced more lines tolerant to the disease than the other doses used.     

抗旱剂拌种处理对小麦萌发和幼苗生长的影响

干旱胁迫下用抗旱剂Ⅰ号拌种处理小麦种子可以提高小麦出苗率，促进根系发育，增加根冠比。处理后，幼苗的生理生化指标均高于对照，可使幼勒在较低水势下保持正常生长。     

我国抗虫棉发展战略

通过对国内外转基因抗虫棉发展历程的回顾,分析了我国抗虫棉研究取得的成就,指出了有关基础研究的差距、抗虫棉品种的主要问题及产业化的不足,从科技体制、研究方向等方面提出了发挥自身优势、扬长避短等对策。     

谷蠹磷化氢高抗性品系的抗性遗传分析

用采自广东潮州、湖北沙洋和广东阳春等3个高抗性品系的谷蠹进行了抗性遗传研究，分别对这3个高抗性品系的谷蠹和一个敏感品系的谷蠹进行纯化后，作为亲本进行一系列杂交组合试验，用LCT方法测出各个亲本及其F1代杂种（F1）、F1代对抗性亲本的回交（F1－BC）、F1代自交（F2）、敏感亲本雄性与抗性亲本雌性的杂交（F11）、抗性亲本雄性与敏感亲本雄性的杂交（F12）的浓度时间对数－死亡机率值反应曲线（LCT－P线），并对这些结果进行分析。结果表明：各地对磷化氢有高抗性的谷蠹品系的抗性遗传都为不完全显性，受两对或两对以上基因控制，并在常染色体上而非性连锁。     

水稻细菌性条斑病及其抗性研究进展

本文简要综述了近年来国内外对水稻抗细菌性条斑病在病原菌鉴定、水稻抗源筛选、抗性生理遗传以及抗性的分子生物学等方面的研究进展，以期为水稻细条病的深入研究提供参考。     

Hybrid grass-clump dwarfness in wheat: Physiology and genetics

Summary The growth of all grass-clump dwarfs is sensitive to temperature with low temperature giving rise to the grass-clump phenotype and high temperature producing normal phenotype. A continuous temperature of 26°C is required for normal growth of Type 1 dwarfs, a continuous temperature of 21°C is required for normal growth of Ty[e 2 dwarfs and a continuous temperature of 16°C is required for normal growth of Type 3 dwarfs.Genetic studies show that the inheritance of the grass-clump characteristic is due to three complementary dominant genes.The grass-clump growth habit is produced as a result of the temperature sensitivity of the apical meristem. In grass-clump plants low temperature treatment results in the cessation of cell division, DNA synthesis and phospholipid synthesis in the apical meristem. The primary temperature lesion has not been identified. Prolonged low temperature treatment of grass-clump plants results in extensive cell necrosis in a region just below the apical meristem; this cell death results in the permanent inactivation of the apical meristem.Supported in part by the National Research Council of Canada.     

化学调节剂诱导转Bt基因棉花杀虫蛋白和主要抗虫次生物的变化

初步探讨了水杨酸和缩节胺处理转 Bt基因棉花后顶端嫩叶中 Bt杀虫蛋白和主要抗虫次生物发生的变化。结果发现 ,水杨酸和缩节胺处理不能明显影响转 Bt基因棉花顶端嫩叶中 Bt杀虫蛋白的表达量 ;适宜浓度的水杨酸和缩节胺处理能够明显提高转 Bt基因棉花顶端嫩叶中缩合单宁和芸香苷的含量 ;适宜浓度的水杨酸处理还能够明显提高转 Bt基因棉花顶端嫩叶中总抗虫萜烯类物质的含量 ;而缩节胺处理对转 Bt基因棉花顶端嫩叶中总抗虫萜烯类物质的含量影响不大。水杨酸和缩节胺能够在一定程度诱导棉花抗虫次生物的表达     

黄花梨果实冷藏适温的研究

黄花梨果实在０℃、４℃、８℃下进行贮藏试验，试验结果表明：低温可以抑制果实的呼吸作用，延缓呼吸高峰的出现，减少果实营养物质的消耗和色素的降解，延缓果实的成熟衰老；黄花梨果实的冷藏适温是４℃，在本试验条件下可贮藏６０ｄ，基本上保持原果的风味、颜色和品质，好果率仍保持１００％，失重率１．５０％；冷藏出库后采取逐渐升温或加抗氧化剂处理，在常温下７ｄ内可有效地延长果实货架寿命，尤以加抗氧化剂处理效果显著；无包装的黄花梨果实随着贮藏温度的升高，贮藏时间的延长，果实的失重率增加；而用聚乙烯薄膜袋包装则能显著地减少水分损失     

不同覆盖方式对绿豆水分利用效率的影响

绿豆是陕北旱区特色经济作物和主要农作物之一,探索适合地区特色的绿豆高产抗旱栽培技术对完善该区小杂粮栽培模式和提高区域农业水平意义重大。通过田间试验,设置垄膜覆盖、双沟覆膜、全膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和露地5种处理,分析了不同覆盖方式对绿豆土壤温度、耗水量、水分利用效率、生长和经济性状以及产量的影响。结果表明,地膜覆盖对陕北地区绿豆增产效果极为显著,秸秆覆盖可提高水分利用效率,但同时降低地温,增产作用不明显。3种地膜覆盖方式中,又以垄膜覆盖方式提高水分利用效率和增加绿豆产量的效果最好,且操作简单,在陕北地区绿豆抗旱栽培中应优先考虑。     

微生物肥料效应及其应用展望

简述了微生物肥料种类、特点及其生理生态效应,指出应加强微生物肥料基础与应用研究,并展望微生物肥料发展前景。